Definition
Cognitive Bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion. It represents a “predictable error” in human thinking, often arising from the brain’s use of simplifying heuristics.
Why It Matters
Recognizing these predictable blind spots is the first step toward building systems and habits that prioritize objective reality over the brain’s energy-saving heuristics.
Core Concepts
- Systematic vs. Random Error: Unlike random mistakes, biases are predictable and reproducible across diverse populations and contexts.
- Leftmost Digit Bias: The tendency to be disproportionately influenced by the leftmost digit in a number (e.g., pricing items at 20.00).
- In-Group Bias: The tendency to make more favorable judgments of one’s own group while being more critical of out-groups.
- Handedness Bias: The subconscious tendency to choose options physically located on the side of one’s dominant hand.
- Embodied Cognition Link: We often understand abstract concepts through physical metaphors (e.g., “high ground,” “strong argument,” “big idea”), which can bias our thinking.