Definition
The History of Modeling and Simulation traces the evolution of representative models from ancient training exercises and physical prototypes to modern, complex digital environments used for tactical, strategic, and educational purposes.
Why It Matters
It tracks our evolution from simple physical models to the massive, real-time digital twins that now run our global economy. Understanding this history reveals how our ability to “predict the future” via computation has become our most powerful tool for managing complexity.
Core Concepts
- Ancient Origins: Use of wargames in Rome (red team vs. blue team) for unbloody training.
- Renaissance: Leonardo DaVinci’s use of physical models for engineering, anatomy, and weaponry.
- Military Development:
- 19th Century: Prussian wargames integrated into formal army training.
- 1929: The Link Flight Simulator (Edward Link) marked the start of the modern technical era.
- Digital Revolution:
- 1940s/50s: Early computer simulations for ballistics and air defense (SAGE).
- 1960s: First interactive computer games (Spacewar, Mazewar).
- 1980s: SIMNET (DARPA) introduced networked, distributed simulators for team training.
- Modern Era: The 1990s saw the shift toward behavioral modeling and the convergence of Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) elements.